Temperature and Humidity Measurement by Raspberry on DHT11

Temperature & Humidity Measurement

Firstly let look on circuit wiring.

DHT11 Communication:

1-> Send signal to trigger measurement action for DHT11.

2-> After get communication with DHT11, sensor will send back 5 byte data measured.

Step 1 : Send start signal
- Rasp Pi set DATA as ouput, then pull DATA to low state (0) during 18ms à DHT11 understand that, RaspPi want to measure temperature and humidity.
- Rasp Pi get DATA to high state(1) then set DATA pin as input.
- After 20-40uSec DHT will pull RaspPi Data pin to low state. If >40uSec Data pin stall in the high state mean that still cannot contacted with DHT yet.
- Data pin will keep low state during 80us then DHT will pull to high state after 80uSec. By monitor Data pin, RaspPi can know that communication is ok or not. If signal raising up after 80uSec mean that DHT complete send data to Raspberry.
Step 2: Read data in DHT11.
- DHT11 will return temperature and humidity data as 5 bytes:
+ Byte 1 integer value of humidity.
+ Byte 2 decimal value of the humidity.
+ Byte 3 integer value of the temperature.
+ Byte 4 decimal value of the temperature.
+ Byte 5 check the total value.
- If Byte 5=Byte1+Byte2+Byte3+Byte4, then measurement process is correct, otherwise it was wrong.
- Read data: after communicated with DHT11 , DHT11 will send 40bit 0 or 1 continuous to RaspPi (=5 bytes)

How to recognize Data signal:
After signal come to low state we waiting for Data of RaspPi pull to high state by DHT. If DATA pin in high state during 26~28uSec mean that data bit is “0”  elseif high state during 70uSec is “1”. Therefore when we coding we detected DATA raising pulse then waiting for 50uSec if value = 0 à Bit = “0” otherwise Bit =“1”
You also need to install pigpio library: http://xfunpi.blogspot.ca/2016/12/how-to-install-raspberry-pi-as-os.html

Video: Ongoing...[Will update on youtube channel: funPi]
Source Code:

import time
import atexit
import pigpio

class sensor:
   def __init__(self, pi, gpio, LED=None, power=None):
     
      self.pi = pi
      self.gpio = gpio
      self.LED = LED
      self.power = power

      if power is not None:
         pi.write(power, 1) # Switch sensor on.
         time.sleep(2)

      self.powered = True

      self.cb = None

      atexit.register(self.cancel)

      self.bad_CS = 0 # Bad checksum count.
      self.bad_SM = 0 # Short message count.
      self.bad_MM = 0 # Missing message count.
      self.bad_SR = 0 # Sensor reset count.

      # Power cycle if timeout > MAX_TIMEOUTS.
      self.no_response = 0
      self.MAX_NO_RESPONSE = 2

      self.rhum = -999
      self.temp = -999

      self.tov = None

      self.high_tick = 0
      self.bit = 40

      pi.set_pull_up_down(gpio, pigpio.PUD_OFF)

      pi.set_watchdog(gpio, 0) # Kill any watchdogs.

      self.cb = pi.callback(gpio, pigpio.EITHER_EDGE, self._cb)

   def _cb(self, gpio, level, tick):
      """
      Accumulate the 40 data bits.  Format into 5 bytes, humidity high,
      humidity low, temperature high, temperature low, checksum.
      """
      diff = pigpio.tickDiff(self.high_tick, tick)

      if level == 0:

         # Edge length determines if bit is 1 or 0.

         if diff >= 50:
            val = 1
            if diff >= 200: # Bad bit?
               self.CS = 256 # Force bad checksum.
         else:
            val = 0

         if self.bit >= 40: # Message complete.
            self.bit = 40

         elif self.bit >= 32: # In checksum byte.
            self.CS  = (self.CS<<1)  + val

            if self.bit == 39:

               # 40th bit received.

               self.pi.set_watchdog(self.gpio, 0)

               self.no_response = 0

               total = self.hH + self.hL + self.tH + self.tL

               if (total & 255) == self.CS: # Is checksum ok?

                  self.rhum = ((self.hH<<8) + self.hL) * 0.1

                  if self.tH & 128: # Negative temperature.
                     mult = -0.1
                     self.tH = self.tH & 127
                  else:
                     mult = 0.1

                  self.temp = ((self.tH<<8) + self.tL) * mult

                  self.tov = time.time()

                  if self.LED is not None:
                     self.pi.write(self.LED, 0)

               else:

                  self.bad_CS += 1

         elif self.bit >=24: # in temp low byte
            self.tL = (self.tL<<1) + val

         elif self.bit >=16: # in temp high byte
            self.tH = (self.tH<<1) + val

         elif self.bit >= 8: # in humidity low byte
            self.hL = (self.hL<<1) + val

         elif self.bit >= 0: # in humidity high byte
            self.hH = (self.hH<<1) + val

         else:               # header bits
            pass

         self.bit += 1

      elif level == 1:
         self.high_tick = tick
         if diff > 250000:
            self.bit = -2
            self.hH = 0
            self.hL = 0
            self.tH = 0
            self.tL = 0
            self.CS = 0

      else: # level == pigpio.TIMEOUT:
         self.pi.set_watchdog(self.gpio, 0)
         if self.bit < 8:       # Too few data bits received.
            self.bad_MM += 1    # Bump missing message count.
            self.no_response += 1
            if self.no_response > self.MAX_NO_RESPONSE:
               self.no_response = 0
               self.bad_SR += 1 # Bump sensor reset count.
               if self.power is not None:
                  self.powered = False
                  self.pi.write(self.power, 0)
                  time.sleep(2)
                  self.pi.write(self.power, 1)
                  time.sleep(2)
                  self.powered = True
         elif self.bit < 39:    # Short message receieved.
            self.bad_SM += 1    # Bump short message count.
            self.no_response = 0

         else:                  # Full message received.
            self.no_response = 0

   def temperature(self):
      """Return current temperature."""
      return self.temp

   def humidity(self):
      """Return current relative humidity."""
      return self.rhum

   def staleness(self):
      """Return time since measurement made."""
      if self.tov is not None:
         return time.time() - self.tov
      else:
         return -999

   def bad_checksum(self):
      """Return count of messages received with bad checksums."""
      return self.bad_CS

   def short_message(self):
      """Return count of short messages."""
      return self.bad_SM

   def missing_message(self):
      """Return count of missing messages."""
      return self.bad_MM

   def sensor_resets(self):
      """Return count of power cycles because of sensor hangs."""
      return self.bad_SR

   def trigger(self):
      """Trigger a new relative humidity and temperature reading."""
      if self.powered:
         if self.LED is not None:
            self.pi.write(self.LED, 1)

         self.pi.write(self.gpio, pigpio.LOW)
         time.sleep(0.017) # 17 ms
         self.pi.set_mode(self.gpio, pigpio.INPUT)
         self.pi.set_watchdog(self.gpio, 200)

   def cancel(self):
      """Cancel the DHT22 sensor."""

      self.pi.set_watchdog(self.gpio, 0)

      if self.cb != None:
         self.cb.cancel()
         self.cb = None

if __name__ == "__main__":

   import time

   import pigpio

   import DHT22

   # Intervals of about 2 seconds or less will eventually hang the DHT22.
   INTERVAL=3

   pi = pigpio.pi()

   s = DHT22.sensor(pi, 22, LED=16, power=8)

   r = 0

   next_reading = time.time()

   while True:

      r += 1

      s.trigger()

      time.sleep(0.2)

      print("{} {} {} {:3.2f} {} {} {} {}".format(
         r, s.humidity(), s.temperature(), s.staleness(),
         s.bad_checksum(), s.short_message(), s.missing_message(),
         s.sensor_resets()))

      next_reading += INTERVAL

      time.sleep(next_reading-time.time()) # Overall INTERVAL second polling.

   s.cancel()

   pi.stop()